Know the Risks
Buying from fake online pharmacies can be dangerous, or even deadly. Before you order medicine online, it is important to know the risks of buying from fake online pharmacies.
You could receive counterfeit or substandard drugs.
The drugs you receive may look real, but they could be counterfeit, contaminated, expired or otherwise unsafe. If you receive counterfeit or substandard medicines, they could keep you from getting better, make you sick or worse
Slight differences in your medicine can make a big difference.
Medicine that is approved for use in the United States has been reviewed for safety and effectiveness by the FDA. Medicine that may be approved in other countries or produced by unknown sources may have slight variations or different ingredients that could cause you to get sicker, develop a resistance to your medicine or cause new side effects. If you take more than one medication, these differences could also affect the way other medicines work or cause harmful interactions.
You could put your personal and financial information at risk.
Most fake online pharmacies lack adequate safeguards to protect personal and financial information, and some intentionally misuse the information you provide. These sites may infect your computer with viruses or sell your personal information to other rogue websites and Internet scams. If you buy medicine from a fake online pharmacy, you also risk being harassed by repeated emails and phone calls or being charged for products you never ordered or received.
Know the Signs
WARNING! Beware of online pharmacies that:
- Allow you to buy drugs without a prescription from your doctor
- Offer deep discounts or cheap prices that seem too good to be true
- Send spam or unsolicited email offering cheap drugs
- Are located outside of the United States
- Are not licensed in the United States
These are signs of a fake online pharmacy.
Tips for identifying safe online pharmacies:
- Always require a doctor’s prescription
- Provide a physical address and telephone number in the United States
- Offer a pharmacist to answer your questions
- Have a license with your state board of pharmacy.
Find your state’s pharmacy licensing database.
These are signs of a safe, legal online pharmacy.
Know Your Online Pharmacy
Fake online pharmacies can manipulate their websites to appear legitimate, so checking the pharmacy’s license through your state board of pharmacy (or equivalent state agency) is an important step to know whether you are using a safe and legal online pharmacy
Choose your state from the list below to go to your state board of pharmacy’s license database. The links to databases provided below are maintained by your state agency
If you cannot confirm that an online pharmacy is licensed in the United States, you should not use that online pharmacy.
Once you have identified a state-licensed online pharmacy, also make sure the pharmacy:
- Requires a valid prescription from your doctor;
- Provides a physical address and telephone number in the United States; and
- Has a licensed pharmacist to answer your questions.
Related articles
- FDA warning public of risks of online pharmacies – Businessweek (drugstoresource.wordpress.com)
- FDA warning public of risks of online pharmacies (fox6now.com)
- FDA warns about risks of online pharmacies (vitals.nbcnews.com)
- FDA warning public of risks of online pharmacies (seattlepi.com)
- Is That Online Pharmacy A Fake? Here’s How To Find Out (aarp.org)
- Website Helps Consumers Check Out Online Pharmacies (dfw.cbslocal.com)
- Advisory: How to Identify Rogue Online Pharmacies (news.softpedia.com)
scamFRAUDalert®Pharmacies Checker 
RCMP warns of counterfeit drug scams
Published on September 25, 2012
THE TELEGRAPH
The RCMP is warning the public of a new type of internet crime emerging over the last few years.
Several thousand websites are now selling counterfeit and unauthorized drugs to Canadians.
Many websites pretend to be Canadian based pharmacies and trick the consumer into trusting their products.
Victims money is taken over the web in exchange for fake pharmaceutical drugs. In most cases, the consumer gets ripped off.
The RCMP says the counterfeit drug industry is growing, with sales in the billions of dollars and people in Newfoundland and Labrador are victims as much as the rest of the world.
The RCMP, in conjunction with other federal and worldwide enforcement agencies, have been successful in identifying and charging some criminal elements but there are still more breaking the law.
Most counterfeit pills seized by the RCMP are shipped through mail centres or couriers in small or large quantities.
The RCMP advises to only obtain prescriptions from a medical doctor and have them filled by a pharmacist.
“Counterfeiters support child labour and abuse and these sources of pills are not safe,” the RCMP warn in a news release. “Why would you risk your life or the lives of those you love?”
Anyone aware of such a crime can contact their local police detachment or CrimeStoppers at 1-800-222-8477 (TIPS). Tips can also be sent by text at TIP190 or sent through a secure website to tips@www.nlcrimestoppers.com.
Fake FDA Agents Are Scamming Money From Online Drug Buyers
The identifying information they give these sites can be used against them by scammers pretending to be FDA agents.So not only are you more likely to get placebo pills that are fake, full of starch, dextrin and lactose instead of cancer medications, but these criminal will know your name, address and telephone number too.These fake agents call up the drug-buyer and tell them their purchase was illegal, and threaten to prosecute them unless a fee — sometimes up to $250,000 — is paid.
The scam seems to have started around 2008, and since then hundreds of people have received these threatening phone calls, the FDA said in a statement released today:
Since the scams first came to FDA’s attention, [Special Agent Phillip] Walsky and other OCI [Office of Criminal Investigations] staff have handled dozens of calls from alarmed consumers. “I tell them it’s a scam,” Walsky says, “and that the best thing they can do is ignore the caller and hang up.”
Walsky and others who have spoken to concerned consumers also assure that no federal official would ever contact a consumer by phone and demand money or any other form of payment. As for actual physical danger, no known victim has ever been approached in person. Most of the fraudulent callers are actually based overseas, Walsky says.
The call is likely a scam if the so-called agent directs you to send the money by wire transfer to a designated location, usually overseas, and if you are warned not to call an attorney or the police. In fact, FDA special agents and other law enforcement officials are not authorized to impose or collect fines imposed for criminal acts. Only a court can take such action, with fines payable to the U.S. Treasury.
To be safe, the FDA recommends using only trustworthy websites to order prescription and over the counter drugs online. Trustworthy sites are US based and are listed as a licensed pharmacy. This is also important because the risk of getting a counterfeit or unsafe medication is higher when you use the less trustworthy sites.
National Association of Board of Pharmacy Says
Internet Pharmacies and You
These days, buying prescription drugs from the Internet is easy, but finding a safe source for those medicines is not. More and more people are turning to the Internet for cheaper drugs that are easy to get, but medicines purchased from these Web sites often come with the risk of harming you or your family. Rogue Web sites are all over the Internet selling drugs that are not what they appear to be. These sites may be selling drugs that are counterfeit, contaminated, or otherwise unsafe.
By being informed about the dangers of buying drugs on the Internet you can protect yourself and your family from the risks posed by rogue Web sites. NABP has been working with the state boards of pharmacy since 1999 to combat those sites that put your health and safety at risk. Over the years NABP has seen that the risks of buying from a rogue site don’t stop at the loss of money. Lives have been lost due to people buying medicines from sites that send dangerous drugs without medical oversight that may have been tampered with, expired, or even fake.
Knowing which Web sites are safe and which ones are not can be confusing. To help you make an informed choice, and as part of its mission to protect the public’s health, NABP has reviewed, and continues to review, thousands of Web sites to determine if they maintain safe pharmacy practices. Unfortunately, the majority of Web sites selling prescription drugs do not.
NABP has created two categories to help you make an informed choice:
Recommended Internet Pharmacies: NABP recommends that patients use sites accredited through the VIPPS (Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites) or Vet-VIPPS (Veterinary-Verified Internet Pharmacy Practice Sites) program. These sites have undergone and successfully completed the thorough NABP accreditation process, which includes a thorough review of all policies and procedures as well as an on-site inspection of all facilities used by the site to receive, review, and dispense medicine.
Not Recommended Sites: These Internet drug outlets appear to be out of compliance with state and federal laws or NABP patient safety and pharmacy practice standards.
Buyer Beware! That Web Site Might Not Be What It Seems
Many Web sites selling prescription drugs are unlicensed, operating illegally, or operating from foreign countries where medicines shipped to the United States are unregulated. Thus, there is no way of knowing whether the medicine you receive is contaminated, sub-potent, super-potent, expired, or counterfeit, or whether it has been stored and shipped under proper conditions to maintain its effectiveness.
And that Canadian online pharmacy with the cheaper prices? It may be calling itself a “Canadian pharmacy,” but it may actually obtain its medications from countries in Asia, South America, or Eastern Europe, where quality standards are more lax and counterfeit medications more widespread. While counterfeit medications can surface anywhere, they are significantly more common in developing foreign countries. That is the problem with buying medicine from foreign sources – you never know what you’re getting.
While there are some excellent Canadian Internet pharmacy sites, NABP cannot recommend any Canadian site selling drugs to Americans because Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations prohibit this activity. Prescription drugs imported from other countries are not FDA-approved and their safety and effectiveness cannot be ensured because they are outside the legal structure and regulatory resources provided by Congress.
What Sites Listed as Not Recommended Doing Wrong?
NABP continually reviews Web sites selling prescription drugs to help you see through rogue sites. Of the over 10,000 Internet sites reviewed, NABP found that 97% of the sites fall in the Not Recommended category because they appear to be operating in conflict with pharmacy laws and practice standards. The 9,734 Internet drug outlets currently listed as Not Recommended on the NABP Web site are characterized as follows:
23% have a physical address located outside of the US (though most rogue sites do not post any address)
87% do not require a valid prescription
59% issue prescriptions per online consultation or questionnaire only
50% offer foreign or non-Food and Drug Administration (FDA-) approved drugs
16% do not have secure sites
37% have server locations in foreign countries
95% appear to be affiliated with a network
11% dispense controlled substances
Only 3% of the sites NABP reviewed are potentially legitimate in that they appear to meet pharmacy laws and practice standards, based on information obtained by looking at the Web site. NABP highly recommends that you use only those Internet pharmacies that are VIPPS or Vet-VIPPS accredited. Currently, 50 sites, representing more than 12,000 online pharmacies, have received accreditation.
Additional Resources for Internet Pharmacies
NABP recognizes that some non-accredited Internet pharmacies may be operating legitimately. Of those entities that approve non-accredited Internet pharmacies, LegitScript.com is the only one that adheres to NABP-recognized standards.
NABP does not collect data on the prices of prescription medications. Information and price comparisons on medications available at legitimately operating Internet pharmacies are available at Pharmahelper.com, which lists only those Internet pharmacies that adhere to NABP-recognized standards.
If you have concerns or questions about a Web site selling prescription drugs, contact NABP at custserv@nabp.net or via the online Report a Site page. Or contact your local state board of pharmacy and the state board of pharmacy where the Internet drug outlet is located.
21 U.S.C.
United States Code, 2010 Edition
Title 21 – FOOD AND DRUGS
CHAPTER 9 – FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT
SUBCHAPTER V – DRUGS AND DEVICES
Part A – Drugs and Devices
Sec. 352 – Misbranded drugs and devices
From the U.S. Government Printing Office, http://www.gpo.gov
§352. Misbranded drugs and devices
A drug or device shall be deemed to be misbranded—
(a) False or misleading label
If its labeling is false or misleading in any particular. Health care economic information provided to a formulary committee, or other similar entity, in the course of the committee or the entity carrying out its responsibilities for the selection of drugs for managed care or other similar organizations, shall not be considered to be false or misleading under this paragraph if the health care economic information directly relates to an indication approved under section 355 of this title or under section 262(a) of title 42 for such drug and is based on competent and reliable scientific evidence. The requirements set forth in section 355(a) of this title or in section 262(a) of title 42 shall not apply to health care economic information provided to such a committee or entity in accordance with this paragraph. Information that is relevant to the substantiation of the health care economic information presented pursuant to this paragraph shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. In this paragraph, the term “health care economic information” means any analysis that identifies, measures, or compares the economic consequences, including the costs of the represented health outcomes, of the use of a drug to the use of another drug, to another health care intervention, or to no intervention.
(b) Package form; contents of label
If in package form unless it bears a label containing (1) the name and place of business of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor; and (2) an accurate statement of the quantity of the contents in terms of weight, measure, or numerical count: Provided, That under clause (2) of this paragraph reasonable variations shall be permitted, and exemptions as to small packages shall be established, by regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
(c) Prominence of information on label
If any word, statement, or other information required by or under authority of this chapter to appear on the label or labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness (as compared with other words, statements, designs, or devices, in the labeling) and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use.
(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–115, title I, §126(b), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2327
(e) Designation of drugs or devices by established names
(1)(A) If it is a drug, unless its label bears, to the exclusion of any other nonproprietary name (except the applicable systematic chemical name or the chemical formula)—
(i) the established name (as defined in subparagraph (3)) of the drug, if there is such a name;
(ii) the established name and quantity or, if determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, the proportion of each active ingredient, including the quantity, kind, and proportion of any alcohol, and also including whether active or not the established name and quantity or if determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, the proportion of any bromides, ether, chloroform, acetanilide, acetophenetidin, amidopyrine, antipyrine, atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, arsenic, digitalis, digitalis glucosides, mercury, ouabain, strophanthin, strychnine, thyroid, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances, contained therein, except that the requirement for stating the quantity of the active ingredients, other than the quantity of those specifically named in this subclause, shall not apply to nonprescription drugs not intended for human use; and
(iii) the established name of each inactive ingredient listed in alphabetical order on the outside container of the retail package and, if determined to be appropriate by the Secretary, on the immediate container, as prescribed in regulation promulgated by the Secretary, except that nothing in this subclause shall be deemed to require that any trade secret be divulged, and except that the requirements of this subclause with respect to alphabetical order shall apply only to nonprescription drugs that are not also cosmetics and that this subclause shall not apply to nonprescription drugs not intended for human use.
(B) For any prescription drug the established name of such drug or ingredient, as the case may be, on such label (and on any labeling on which a name for such drug or ingredient is used) shall be printed prominently and in type at least half as large as that used thereon for any proprietary name or designation for such drug or ingredient, except that to the extent that compliance with the requirements of subclause (ii) or (iii) of clause (A) or this clause is impracticable, exemptions shall be established by regulations promulgated by the Secretary.
(2) If it is a device and it has an established name, unless its label bears, to the exclusion of any other nonproprietary name, its established name (as defined in subparagraph (4)) prominently printed in type at least half as large as that used thereon for any proprietary name or designation for such device, except that to the extent compliance with the requirements of this subparagraph is impracticable, exemptions shall be established by regulations promulgated by the Secretary.
(3) As used in subparagraph (1), the term “established name”, with respect to a drug or ingredient thereof, means (A) the applicable official name designated pursuant to section 358 of this title, or (B), if there is no such name and such drug, or such ingredient, is an article recognized in an official compendium, then the official title thereof in such compendium, or (C) if neither clause (A) nor clause (B) of this subparagraph applies, then the common or usual name, if any, of such drug or of such ingredient, except that where clause (B) of this subparagraph applies to an article recognized in the United States Pharmacopeia and in the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia under different official titles, the official title used in the United States Pharmacopeia shall apply unless it is labeled and offered for sale as a homoeopathic drug, in which case the official title used in the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia shall apply.
(4) As used in subparagraph (2), the term “established name” with respect to a device means (A) the applicable official name of the device designated pursuant to section 358 of this title, (B) if there is no such name and such device is an article recognized in an official compendium, then the official title thereof in such compendium, or (C) if neither clause (A) nor clause (B) of this subparagraph applies, then any common or usual name of such device.
(f) Directions for use and warnings on label
Unless its labeling bears (1) adequate directions for use; and (2) such adequate warnings against use in those pathological conditions or by children where its use may be dangerous to health, or against unsafe dosage or methods or duration of administration or application, in such manner and form, as are necessary for the protection of users, except that where any requirement of clause (1) of this paragraph, as applied to any drug or device, is not necessary for the protection of the public health, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations exempting such drug or device from such requirement. Required labeling for prescription devices intended for use in health care facilities or by a health care professional and required labeling for in vitro diagnostic devices intended for use by health care professionals or in blood establishments may be made available solely by electronic means, provided that the labeling complies with all applicable requirements of law, and that the manufacturer affords such users the opportunity to request the labeling in paper form, and after such request, promptly provides the requested information without additional cost.
(g) Representations as recognized drug; packing and labeling; inconsistent requirements for designation of drug
If it purports to be a drug the name of which is recognized in an official compendium, unless it is packaged and labeled as prescribed therein. The method of packing may be modified with the consent of the Secretary. Whenever a drug is recognized in both the United States Pharmacopoeia and the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it shall be subject to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia with respect to packaging and labeling unless it is labeled and offered for sale as a homoeopathic drug, in which case it shall be subject to the provisions of the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, and not those of the United States Pharmacopoeia, except that in the event of inconsistency between the requirements of this paragraph and those of paragraph (e) as to the name by which the drug or its ingredients shall be designated, the requirements of paragraph (e) shall prevail.
(h) Deteriorative drugs; packing and labeling
If it has been found by the Secretary to be a drug liable to deterioration, unless it is packaged in such form and manner, and its label bears a statement of such precautions, as the Secretary shall by regulations require as necessary for the protection of the public health. No such regulation shall be established for any drug recognized in an official compendium until the Secretary shall have informed the appropriate body charged with the revision of such compendium of the need for such packaging or labeling requirements and such body shall have failed within a reasonable time to prescribe such requirements.
(i) Drug; misleading container; imitation; offer for sale under another name
(1) If it is a drug and its container is so made, formed, or filled as to be misleading; or (2) if it is an imitation of another drug; or (3) if it is offered for sale under the name of another drug.
(j) Health-endangering when used as prescribed
If it is dangerous to health when used in the dosage or manner, or with the frequency or duration prescribed, recommended, or suggested in the labeling thereof.
(k), (l) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–115, title I, §125(a)(2)(B), (b)(2)(D), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2325
(m) Color additives; packing and labeling
If it is a color additive the intended use of which is for the purpose of coloring only, unless its packaging and labeling are in conformity with such packaging and labeling requirements applicable to such color additive, as may be contained in regulations issued under section 379e of this title.
(n) Prescription drug advertisements: established name; quantitative formula; side effects, contraindications, and effectiveness; prior approval; false advertising; labeling; construction of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances
In the case of any prescription drug distributed or offered for sale in any State, unless the manufacturer, packer, or distributor thereof includes in all advertisements and other descriptive printed matter issued or caused to be issued by the manufacturer, packer, or distributor with respect to that drug a true statement of (1) the established name as defined in paragraph (e) of this section, printed prominently and in type at least half as large as that used for any trade or brand name thereof, (2) the formula showing quantitatively each ingredient of such drug to the extent required for labels under paragraph (e) of this section, and (3) such other information in brief summary relating to side effects, contraindications, and effectiveness as shall be required in regulations which shall be issued by the Secretary in accordance with section 371(a) of this title, and in the case of published direct-to-consumer advertisements the following statement printed in conspicuous text: “You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit http://www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call 1–800-FDA-1088.”, except that (A) except in extraordinary circumstances, no regulation issued under this paragraph shall require prior approval by the Secretary of the content of any advertisement, and (B) no advertisement of a prescription drug, published after the effective date of regulations issued under this paragraph applicable to advertisements of prescription drugs, shall with respect to the matters specified in this paragraph or covered by such regulations, be subject to the provisions of sections 52 to 57 of title 15. This paragraph (n) shall not be applicable to any printed matter which the Secretary determines to be labeling as defined in section 321(m) of this title. Nothing in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, signed at Vienna, Austria, on February 21, 1971, shall be construed to prevent drug price communications to consumers. In the case of an advertisement for a drug subject to section 353(b)(1) of this title presented directly to consumers in television or radio format and stating the name of the drug and its conditions of use, the major statement relating to side effects and contraindications shall be presented in a clear, conspicuous, and neutral manner.
(o) Drugs or devices from nonregistered establishments
If it was manufactured, prepared, propagated, compounded, or processed in an establishment in any State not duly registered under section 360 of this title, if it was not included in a list required by section 360(j) of this title, if a notice or other information respecting it was not provided as required by such section or section 360(k) of this title, or if it does not bear such symbols from the uniform system for identification of devices prescribed under section 360(e) of this title as the Secretary by regulation requires.
(p) Packaging or labeling of drugs in violation of regulations
If it is a drug and its packaging or labeling is in violation of an applicable regulation issued pursuant to section 1472 or 1473 of title 15.
(q) Restricted devices using false or misleading advertising or used in violation of regulations
In the case of any restricted device distributed or offered for sale in any State, if (1) its advertising is false or misleading in any particular, or (2) it is sold, distributed, or used in violation of regulations prescribed under section 360j(e) of this title.
(r) Restricted devices not carrying requisite accompanying statements in advertisements and other descriptive printed matter
In the case of any restricted device distributed or offered for sale in any State, unless the manufacturer, packer, or distributor thereof includes in all advertisements and other descriptive printed matter issued or caused to be issued by the manufacturer, packer, or distributor with respect to that device (1) a true statement of the device’s established name as defined in subsection (e) of this section, printed prominently and in type at least half as large as that used for any trade or brand name thereof, and (2) a brief statement of the intended uses of the device and relevant warnings, precautions, side effects, and contraindications and, in the case of specific devices made subject to a finding by the Secretary after notice and opportunity for comment that such action is necessary to protect the public health, a full description of the components of such device or the formula showing quantitatively each ingredient of such device to the extent required in regulations which shall be issued by the Secretary after an opportunity for a hearing. Except in extraordinary circumstances, no regulation issued under this paragraph shall require prior approval by the Secretary of the content of any advertisement and no advertisement of a restricted device, published after the effective date of this paragraph shall, with respect to the matters specified in this paragraph or covered by regulations issued hereunder, be subject to the provisions of sections 52 through 55 of title 15. This paragraph shall not be applicable to any printed matter which the Secretary determines to be labeling as defined in section 321(m) of this title.
(s) Devices subject to performance standards not bearing requisite labeling
If it is a device subject to a performance standard established under section 360d of this title, unless it bears such labeling as may be prescribed in such performance standard.
(t) Devices for which there has been a failure or refusal to give required notification or to furnish required material or information
If it is a device and there was a failure or refusal (1) to comply with any requirement prescribed under section 360h of this title respecting the device, (2) to furnish any material or information required by or under section 360i of this title respecting the device, or (3) to comply with a requirement under section 360l of this title.
(u) Identification of manufacturer
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), if it is a reprocessed single-use device, unless it, or an attachment thereto, prominently and conspicuously bears the name of the manufacturer of the reprocessed device, a generally recognized abbreviation of such name, or a unique and generally recognized symbol identifying such manufacturer.
(2) If the original device or an attachment thereto does not prominently and conspicuously bear the name of the manufacturer of the original device, a generally recognized abbreviation of such name, or a unique and generally recognized symbol identifying such manufacturer, a reprocessed device may satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1) through the use of a detachable label on the packaging that identifies the manufacturer and is intended to be affixed to the medical record of a patient.
(v) Reprocessed single-use devices
If it is a reprocessed single-use device, unless all labeling of the device prominently and conspicuously bears the statement “Reprocessed device for single use. Reprocessed by ____.” The name of the manufacturer of the reprocessed device shall be placed in the space identifying the person responsible for reprocessing.
If it is a new animal drug—
(1) that is conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title and its labeling does not conform with the approved application or section 360ccc(f) of this title, or that is not conditionally approved under section 360ccc of this title and its label bears the statement set forth in section 360ccc(f)(1)(A) of this title; or
(2) that is indexed under section 360ccc–1 of this title and its labeling does not conform with the index listing under section 360ccc–1(e) of this title or 360ccc–1(h) of this title, or that has not been indexed under section 360ccc–1 of this title and its label bears the statement set forth in section 360ccc–1(h) of this title.
(x) Nonprescription drugs
If it is a nonprescription drug (as defined in section 379aa of this title) that is marketed in the United States, unless the label of such drug includes a domestic address or domestic phone number through which the responsible person (as described in section 379aa of this title) may receive a report of a serious adverse event (as defined in section 379aa of this title) with such drug.
(y) Drugs subject to approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategy
If it is a drug subject to an approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategy pursuant to section 355(p) of this title and the responsible person (as such term is used in section 355–1 of this title) fails to comply with a requirement of such strategy provided for under subsection (d), (e), or (f) of section 355–1 of this title.
(z) Postmarket studies and clinical trials; new safety information in labeling
If it is a drug, and the responsible person (as such term is used in section 355(o) of this title) is in violation of a requirement established under paragraph (3) (relating to post market studies and clinical trials) or paragraph (4) (relating to labeling) of section 355(o) of this title with respect to such drug.
(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, §502, 52 Stat. 1050; June 23, 1939, ch. 242, §3, 53 Stat. 854; Dec. 22, 1941, ch. 613, §2, 55 Stat. 851; July 6, 1945, ch. 281, §2, 59 Stat. 463; Mar. 10, 1947, ch. 16, §2, 61 Stat. 11; July 13, 1949, ch. 305, §1, 63 Stat. 409; Aug. 5, 1953, ch. 334, §1, 67 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 86–618, title I, §102(b)(2), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 87–781, title I, §§105(c), 112(a), (b), 131(a), title III, §305, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 785, 790, 791, 795; Pub. L. 90–399, §105(a), July 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 352; Pub. L. 91–601, §6(d), formerly §7(d), Dec. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1673, renumbered Pub. L. 97–35, title XII, §1205(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 716; Pub. L. 94–295, §§3(e), 4(b)(2), 5(a), 9(b)(2), May 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 577, 580, 583; Pub. L. 95–633, title I, §111, Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3773; Pub. L. 102–300, §3(a)(2), June 16, 1992, 106 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–571, title I, §107(9), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4499; Pub. L. 103–80, §3(m), Aug. 13, 1993, 107 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 105–115, title I, §§114(a), 125(a)(2)(B), (b)(2)(D), 126(b), title IV, §412(c), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2312, 2325, 2327, 2375; Pub. L. 107–250, title II, §206, title III, §§301(a), 302(a)(1), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1613, 1616; Pub. L. 108–214, §2(b)(2)(B), Apr. 1, 2004, 118 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 108–282, title I, §102(b)(5)(E), Aug. 2, 2004, 118 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 109–43, §2(c)(1), Aug. 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 109–462, §2(d), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3472; Pub. L. 110–85, title IX, §§901(d)(3)(A), (6), 902(a), 906(a), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 940, 942, 943, 949.)
Amendments
2007—Par. (n). Pub. L. 110–85, §906(a), inserted “and in the case of published direct-to-consumer advertisements the following statement printed in conspicuous text: ‘You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit http://www.fda.gov/medwatch, or call 1–800-FDA-1088.’,” after “section 371(a) of this title,”.
Pub. L. 110–85, §901(d)(6), substituted “section 371(a) of this title” for “the procedure specified in section 371(e) of this title”.
Pub. L. 110–85, §901(d)(3)(A), inserted at end “In the case of an advertisement for a drug subject to section 353(b)(1) of this title presented directly to consumers in television or radio format and stating the name of the drug and its conditions of use, the major statement relating to side effects and contraindications shall be presented in a clear, conspicuous, and neutral manner.”
Pars. (y), (z). Pub. L. 110–85, §902(a), added pars. (y) and (z).
2006—Par. (x). Pub. L. 109–462 added par. (x).
2005—Par. (u). Pub. L. 109–43 amended par. (u) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (u) read as follows: “If it is a device, unless it, or an attachment thereto, prominently and conspicuously bears the name of the manufacturer of the device, a generally recognized abbreviation of such name, or a unique and generally recognized symbol identifying such manufacturer, except that the Secretary may waive any requirement under this paragraph for the device if the Secretary determines that compliance with the requirement is not feasible for the device or would compromise the provision of reasonable assurance of the safety or effectiveness of the device.”
2004—Par. (f). Pub. L. 108–214, in last sentence, inserted “or by a health care professional and required labeling for in vitro diagnostic devices intended for use by health care professionals or in blood establishments” after “in health care facilities”, inserted comma after “means”, substituted “requirements of law, and that the manufacturer affords such users the opportunity” for “requirements of law and, that the manufacturer affords health care facilities the opportunity”, and struck out “the health care facility” after “promptly provides”.
Par. (w). Pub. L. 108–282 added par. (w).
2002—Par. (f). Pub. L. 107–250, §206, inserted at end “Required labeling for prescription devices intended for use in health care facilities may be made available solely by electronic means provided that the labeling complies with all applicable requirements of law and, that the manufacturer affords health care facilities the opportunity to request the labeling in paper form, and after such request, promptly provides the health care facility the requested information without additional cost.”
Par. (u). Pub. L. 107–250, §301(a), which directed amendment of section by adding par. (u) at end, was executed by adding par. (u) before par. (v) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Par. (v). Pub. L. 107–250, §302(a)(1), added par. (v).
1997—Par. (a). Pub. L. 105–115, §114(a), inserted at end “Health care economic information provided to a formulary committee, or other similar entity, in the course of the committee or the entity carrying out its responsibilities for the selection of drugs for managed care or other similar organizations, shall not be considered to be false or misleading under this paragraph if the health care economic information directly relates to an indication approved under section 355 of this title or under section 262(a) of title 42 for such drug and is based on competent and reliable scientific evidence. The requirements set forth in section 355(a) of this title or in section 262(a) of title 42 shall not apply to health care economic information provided to such a committee or entity in accordance with this paragraph. Information that is relevant to the substantiation of the health care economic information presented pursuant to this paragraph shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. In this paragraph, the term ‘health care economic information’ means any analysis that identifies, measures, or compares the economic consequences, including the costs of the represented health outcomes, of the use of a drug to the use of another drug, to another health care intervention, or to no intervention.”
Par. (d). Pub. L. 105–115, §126(b), struck out par. (d) which read as follows: “If it is for use by man and contains any quantity of the narcotic or hypnotic substance alpha eucaine, barbituric acid, betaeucaine, bromal, cannabis, carbromal, chloral, coca, cocaine, codeine, heroin, marihuana, morphine, opium, paraldehyde, peyote, or sulphonmethane; or any chemical derivative of such substance, which derivative has been by the Secretary, after investigation, found to be, and by regulations designated as, habit forming; unless its label bears the name and quantity or proportion of such substance or derivative and in juxtaposition therewith the statement ‘Warning—May be habit forming.’ ”
Par. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–115, §412(c), amended subpar. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (1) read as follows: “If it is a drug, unless (A) its label bears, to the exclusion of any other nonproprietary name (except the applicable systematic chemical name or the chemical formula), (i) the established name (as defined in subparagraph (3)) of the drug, if such there be, and (ii), in case it is fabricated from two or more ingredients, the established name and quantity of each active ingredient, including the quantity, kind, and proportion of any alcohol, and also including, whether active or not, the established name and quantity or proportion of any bromides, ether, chloroform, acetanilid, acetphenetidin, amidopyrine, antipyrine, atropine, hyoscine, hyoscyamine, arsenic, digitalis, digitalis glucosides, mercury ouabain strophanthin, strychnine, thyroid, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances, contained therein; Provided, That the requirement for stating the quantity of the active ingredients, other than the quantity of those specifically named in this paragraph, shall apply only to prescription drugs; and (B) for any prescription drug the established name of such drug or ingredient, as the case may be, on such label (and on any labeling on which a name for such drug or ingredient is used) is printed prominently and in type at least half as large as that used thereon for any proprietary name or designation for such drug or ingredient: Provided, That to the extent that compliance with the requirements of clause (A)(ii) or clause (B) of this subparagraph is impracticable, exemptions shall be established by regulations promulgated by the Secretary.”
Par. (k). Pub. L. 105–115, §125(a)(2)(B), struck out par. (k) which read as follows: “If it is, or purports to be, or is represented as a drug composed wholly or partly of insulin, unless (1) it is from a batch with respect to which a certificate or release has been issued pursuant to section 356 of this title, and (2) such certificate or release is in effect with respect to such drug.”
Par. (l). Pub. L. 105–115, §125(b)(2)(D), struck out par. (l) which read as follows: “If it is, or purports to be, or is represented as a drug (except a drug for use in animals other than man) composed wholly or partly of any kind of penicillin, streptomycin, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, bacitracin, or any other antibiotic drug, or any derivative thereof, unless (1) it is from a batch with respect to which a certificate or release has been issued pursuant to section 357 of this title, and (2) such certificate or release is in effect with respect to such drug: Provided, That this paragraph shall not apply to any drug or class of drugs exempted by regulations promulgated under section 357(c) or (d) of this title.”
1993—Par. (e)(3). Pub. L. 103–80, §3(m)(1), substituted “of such ingredient, except that” for “of such ingredient: Provided, That”.
Par. (f). Pub. L. 103–80, §3(m)(2), substituted “users, except that where” for “users: Provided, That where”.
Par. (g). Pub. L. 103–80, §3(m)(3), substituted “prescribed therein. The method” for “prescribed therein: Provided, That the method” and “Pharmacopoeia, except that” for “Pharmacopoeia: Provided further, That,”.
Par. (n). Pub. L. 103–80, §3(m)(4), substituted “, except that (A)” for “: Provided, That (A)”.
1992—Par. (m). Pub. L. 102–571 substituted “379e” for “376”.
Par. (t)(3). Pub. L. 102–300 added cl. (3).
1978—Par. (n). Pub. L. 95–633 inserted provision relating to the construction of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
1976—Par. (e). Pub. L. 94–295, §5(a), substituted “subparagraph (3)” for “subparagraph (2)” in subpar. (1), added subpar. (2), redesignated former subpar. (2) as (3) and in subpar. (3) as so redesignated substituted “subparagraph (1)” for “this paragraph (e)”, and added subpar. (4).
Par. (j). Pub. L. 94–295, §3(e)(2), substituted “dosage or manner,” for “dosage,”.
Par. (m). Pub. L. 94–295, §9(b)(2), substituted “the intended use of which is for” for “the intended use of which in or on drugs is for”.
Par. (o). Pub. L. 94–295, §4(b)(2), substituted “If it was manufactured” for “If it is a drug and was manufactured” and inserted “, if it was not included in a list required by section 360(j) of this title, if a notice or other information respecting it was not provided as required by such section or section 360(k) of this title, or if it does not bear such symbols from the uniform system for identification of devices prescribed under section 360(e) of this title as the Secretary by regulation requires”.
Pars. (q) to (t). Pub. L. 94–295, §3(e)(1), added pars. (q) to (t).
1970—Par. (p). Pub. L. 91–601 added par. (p).
1968—Par. (l). Pub. L. 90–399 inserted “(except a drug for use in animals other than man)” after “represented as a drug”.
1962—Par. (e). Pub. L. 87–781, §112(a), designated existing provisions as subpar. (1), substituted “, unless (A) its label bears, to the exclusion of any other nonproprietary name (except the applicable systematic chemical name or the chemical formula), (i) the established name (as defined in subparagraph (2) of this subsection) of the drug, if such there be, and (ii), in case it is fabricated from two or more ingredients, the established name and quantity” for “and is not designated solely by a name recognized in an official compendium unless its label bears (1) the common or usual name of the drug, if such there be; and (2), in case it is fabricated from two or more ingredients, the common or usual name”, and “the established name” for “the name”, provided that the requirement for stating the quantity of active ingredients, other than those specified in this par., applies only to prescription drugs, and that the established name of a drug on a label is to be printed prominently and in type at least half as large as used for any proprietary designation, and added subpar. (2) defining “established name”.
Par. (g). Pub. L. 87–781, §112(b), provided that if there is an inconsistency between the provisions of this par. and those of par. (e), as to the name of a drug, the requirements of par. (e) should prevail.
Par. (l). Pub. L. 87–781, §105(c), substituted “bacitracin, or any other antibiotic drug” for “or bacitracin.”
Par. (n). Pub. L. 87–781, §131(a), added par. (n).
Par. (o). Pub. L. 87–781, §305, added par. (o).
1960—Par. (m). Pub. L. 86–618 added par. (m).
1953—Par. (l). Act Aug. 5, 1953, substituted “chlortetracycline” for “aureomycin”.
1949—Par. (l). Act July 13, 1949, inserted “, aureomycin, chloramphenicol, or bacitracin” after “streptomycin”.
1947—Par. (l). Act Mar. 10, 1947, inserted “or streptomycin” after “penicillin”.
1945—Par. (l). Act July 6, 1945, added par. (l).
1941—Par. (k). Act Dec. 22, 1941, added par. (k).
1939—Par. (d). Act June 29, 1939, substituted “name, and quality or proportion” for “name, quantity, and percentage”.
Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 110–85 effective 180 days after Sept. 27, 2007, see section 909 of Pub. L. 110–85, set out as a note under section 331 of this title.
Effective Date of 2006 Amendment
Pub. L. 109–462, §2(e)(1), (2), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3472, provided that:
“(1) In general.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting section 379aa of this title and amending this section and section 331 of this title] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2006].
“(2) Misbranding.—Section 502(x) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 352(x)] (as added by this section) shall apply to any nonprescription drug (as defined in such section 502(x)) labeled on or after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2006].”
Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
Pub. L. 107–250, title III, §301(b), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1616, as amended by Pub. L. 108–214, §2(c)(1), Apr. 1, 2004, 118 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 109–43, §2(d), Aug. 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 441, provided that: “Section 502(u) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 352(u)] (as amended by section 2(c) of the Medical Device User Fee Stabilization Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–43])—
“(1) shall be effective—
“(A) with respect to devices described under paragraph (1) of such section, 12 months after the date of enactment of the Medical Device User Fee Stabilization Act of 2005 [Aug. 1, 2005], or the date on which the original device first bears the name of the manufacturer of the original device, a generally recognized abbreviation of such name, or a unique and generally recognized symbol identifying such manufacturer, whichever is later; and
“(B) with respect to devices described under paragraph (2) of such section 502(u), 12 months after such date of enactment; and
“(2) shall apply only to devices reprocessed and introduced or delivered for introduction in interstate commerce after such applicable effective date.”
Pub. L. 107–250, title III, §302(a)(2), Oct. 26, 2002, 116 Stat. 1616, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] takes effect 15 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 2002], and only applies to devices introduced or delivered for introduction into interstate commerce after such effective date.”
Effective Date of 1997 Amendment
Amendment by sections 114(a), 126(b), and 412(c) of Pub. L. 105–115 effective 90 days after Nov. 21, 1997, except as otherwise provided, see section 501 of Pub. L. 105–115, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
Effective Date of 1978 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 95–633 effective on date the Convention on Psychotropic Substances enters into force in the United States [July 15, 1980], see section 112 of Pub. L. 95–633, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801a of this title.
Effective Date of 1970 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 91–601 effective Dec. 30, 1970, and regulations establishing special packaging standards effective no sooner than 180 days or later than one year from date regulations are final, or an earlier date published in Federal Register, see section 8 of Pub. L. 91–601, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1471 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
Effective Date of 1968 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 90–399 effective on first day of thirteenth calendar month after July 13, 1968, see section 108(a) of Pub. L. 90–399, set out as an Effective Date and Transitional Provisions note under section 360b of this title.
Effective Date of 1962 Amendment
Section 112(c) of Pub. L. 87–781 provided that: “This section [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the seventh calendar month following the month in which this Act is enacted [October 1962].”
Section 131(b) of Pub. L. 87–781 provided that: “No drug which was being commercially distributed prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1962] shall be deemed to be misbranded under paragraph (n) of section 502 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 352(n)], as added by this section, until the earlier of the following dates: (1) the first day of the seventh month following the month in which this Act is enacted; or (2) the effective date of regulations first issued under clause (3) of such paragraph (n) in accordance with the procedure specified in section 701(e) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 371(e)].”
Amendment by Pub. L. 87–781 effective on first day of seventh calendar month following October 1962, see section 107 of Pub. L. 87–781, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.
Effective Date of 1960 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 86–618 effective July 12, 1960, subject to the provisions of section 203 of Pub. L. 86–618, see section 202 of Pub. L. 86–618, set out as a note under section 379e of this title.
Effective Date; Postponement
Pars. (b) and (d) to (h) effective Jan. 1, 1940, and such paragraphs effective July 1, 1940, as provided by regulations for certain lithographed labeling and containers bearing certain labeling, see act June 23, 1939, ch. 242, 53 Stat. 853, set out as an Effective Date: Postponement in Certain Cases note under section 301 of this title.
Regulations
Pub. L. 110–85, title IX, §901(d)(3)(B), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 940, provided that: “Not later than 30 months after the date of the enactment of the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 [Sept. 27, 2007], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall by regulation establish standards for determining whether a major statement relating to side effects and contraindications of a drug, described in section 502(n) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 352(n)) (as amended by subparagraph (A)) is presented in the manner required under such section.”
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of functions of Federal Security Administrator to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Health and Human Services], and of Food and Drug Administration in the Department of Agriculture to Federal Security Agency, see notes set out under section 321 of this title.
Presentation of Prescription Drug Benefit and Risk Information
Pub. L. 111–148, title III, §3507, Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 530, provided that:
“(a) In General.—The Secretary of Health and Human Services (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’), acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall determine whether the addition of quantitative summaries of the benefits and risks of prescription drugs in a standardized format (such as a table or drug facts box) to the promotional labeling or print advertising of such drugs would improve health care decisionmaking by clinicians and patients and consumers.
“(b) Review and Consultation.—In making the determination under subsection (a), the Secretary shall review all available scientific evidence and research on decisionmaking and social and cognitive psychology and consult with drug manufacturers, clinicians, patients and consumers, experts in health literacy, representatives of racial and ethnic minorities, and experts in women’s and pediatric health.
“(c) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 23, 2010], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that provides—
“(1) the determination by the Secretary under subsection (a); and
“(2) the reasoning and analysis underlying that determination.
“(d) Authority.—If the Secretary determines under subsection (a) that the addition of quantitative summaries of the benefits and risks of prescription drugs in a standardized format (such as a table or drug facts box) to the promotional labeling or print advertising of such drugs would improve health care decisionmaking by clinicians and patients and consumers, then the Secretary, not later than 3 years after the date of submission of the report under subsection (c), shall promulgate proposed regulations as necessary to implement such format.
“(e) Clarification.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the existing authorities of the Secretary with respect to benefit and risk information.”
Guidance; Misbranded Devices
Pub. L. 109–43, §2(c)(2), Aug. 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 441, provided that: “Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 1, 2005], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall issue guidance to identify circumstances in which the name of the manufacturer of the original device, a generally recognized abbreviation of such name, or a unique and generally recognized symbol identifying such manufacturer, is not ‘prominent and conspicuous’, as used in section 502(u) of Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 352(u)] (as amended by paragraph (1)).”
Studies
Pub. L. 110–85, title IX, §906(b), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 950, provided that:
“(1) In general.—In the case of direct-to-consumer television advertisements, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Advisory Committee on Risk Communication under section 567 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 360bbb–6] (as added by section 917), shall, not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2007], conduct a study to determine if the statement in section 502(n) of such Act [21 U.S.C. 352(n)] (as added by subsection (a)) required with respect to published direct-to-consumer advertisements is appropriate for inclusion in such television advertisements.
“(2) Content.—As part of the study under paragraph (1), such Secretary shall consider whether the information in the statement described in paragraph (1) would detract from the presentation of risk information in a direct-to-consumer television advertisement. If such Secretary determines the inclusion of such statement is appropriate in direct-to-consumer television advertisements, such Secretary shall issue regulations requiring the implementation of such statement in direct-to-consumer television advertisements, including determining a reasonable length of time for displaying the statement in such advertisements. The Secretary shall report to the appropriate committees of Congress the findings of such study and any plans to issue regulations under this paragraph.”
Pub. L. 108–173, title I, §107(f), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2171, directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to undertake a study of how to make prescription pharmaceutical information, including drug labels and usage instructions, accessible to blind and visually-impaired individuals, and to submit a report to Congress not later than 18 months after Dec. 8, 2003.
Section 114(b) of Pub. L. 105–115 provided that: “The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study of the implementation of the provisions added by the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section]. Not later than 4 years and 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], the Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare and submit to Congress a report containing the findings of the study.”
Counterfeiting of Drugs; Congressional Findings and Declaration of Policy
Section 9(a) of Pub. L. 89–74, July 15, 1965, 79 Stat. 234, provided that: “The Congress finds and declares that there is a substantial traffic in counterfeit drugs simulating the brand or other identifying mark or device of the manufacturer of the genuine article; that such traffic poses a serious hazard to the health of innocent consumers of such drugs because of the lack of proper qualifications, facilities, and manufacturing controls on the part of the counterfeiter, whose operations are clandestine; that, while such drugs are deemed misbranded within the meaning of section 502(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 352(i)], the controls for the suppression of the traffic in such drugs are inadequate because of the difficulty of determining the place of interstate origin of such drugs and, if that place is discovered, the fact that the implements for counterfeiting are not subject to seizure, and that these factors require enactment of additional controls with respect to such drugs without regard to their interstate or intrastate origins.”
Provisions as effective Feb. 1, 1966, see section 11 of Pub. L. 89–74, set out as an Effective Date of 1965 Amendment note under section 321 of this title.
http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Legislation/FederalFoodDrugandCosmeticActFDCAct/FDCActChapterVDrugsandDevices/default.htm
Just out of curiosity, how much funding do you receive from various Pharma and physician groups? Your motive is really paper thin and your attempt to try and scare people away from cheaper medications with scary stories quite despicable. It’s reminiscent of Hoover-era scare tactics. More than that- it won’t work. Just like the Drug war, this “war” on medicine is doomed to fail.
Zero funding. I wish some of these Pharma organizations would offer some help or provide some funding to help keep this going.
Motive is not to scare people away from cheaper. Motive is to have accountability and safety. I am for cheaper drug. I am also against criminal gangsters trying to prey on the sick to enrich themselves.
If those who sell cheaper medication online can come up with a mean to ensure accountability and safety, that would be good for the global online community.
No WAR is doom to failure, they continue from generation to generation.